Publications by Wingra Engineering Staff
"Recent Air Pollution Control and
Permit Experience in the Lime Industry"
Steven J. Klafka, P.E., DEE
ABSTRACT
An air quality permit was issued for a
new coal-fired lime kiln in Superior, Wisconsin. This project included
a new preheater lime kiln and handling and storage operations for
limestone, coal, lime and fines. It was subject to the Prevention of
Significant Deterioration air quality regulations including an
evaluation of Best Available Control Technology (BACT) and air quality
impacts. All air pollutants were controlled using BACT or
state-of-the-art air pollution control methods based on recent projects
in the U.S. lime industry. These methods included the use of a fabric
filter baghouse for the capture of dust from the kiln and materials
handling operations, and use of low sulfur coal and a preheater type
kiln to neutralize sulfur dioxide emissions by 92%. Combustion related
air pollutants including nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide were
controlled by the use of a preheater lime kiln which reduced both
energy usage and resulting stack discharges by 30% compared to the
conventional lime kilns. The project was designed to assure local,
near-field air quality impacts were insignificant for all air
pollutants. Approval was also obtained from the U.S. Forest Service
after demonstrating that far-field impacts on Class I Air Quality Areas
within 200 kilometers of the project were insignificant. These areas
included the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness in Minnesota and the
Rainbow Lake Wilderness in Wisconsin. The requirements and analyses for
this Wisconsin project are presented along with those for recent lime
kiln projects in the U.S.
Full Text
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Presentation - 2.2
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